Definition About Explanation Text
Explanation Text is a text that is used to explain and tell readers or listeners about "why and how" things can happen in the formation of something or activities related to natural, social, scientific, cultural, and other phenomena.
Explanation text usually comes from the author's questions regarding the 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon.
The Purpose of the Explanation Text :
1. To reveal the process of the occurrence of a phenomenon. Be it natural, social, cultural and scientific phenomena and even technology.
2. Explain in detail how or why something happened. Usually an explanation text is composed of two basic questions, namely how (how) and why (why).
Language Feature Explanation Text
1. Using sentences in the form of the current tense (Present Indefinite or Simple Present Tense).
2. Passive voice / passive voice to direct the reader to the process or event rather than the subject.
3. Elements of abstract nouns, namely nouns that cannot be seen in real terms, such as love, joy, emotions, etc.
4. Use action verbs to describe ongoing processes such as kick, eat, think, run, etc.
5. There are noun phrases, such as white snow, water cycle, big house, etc.
6. Use technical terms, namely terms that refer to the topic being discussed.
7. Contains a description of a process, but not procedure text.
Characteristics of Explanation Text
1. There is a passive voice (passive sentence).
2. use action verbs (action verbs).
3. There is an abstract noun (verb that appears).
4. Use the simple present tense in the sentence.
Generic Structure Explanation Text
1. A General Statement
In the general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, it can be an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation.
2. A Sequenced of Explanation
A sequenced of explanation contains an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or be created.
A sequenced of explanations in the form of answers to the author's 'why' and 'how' questions when making an Explanation text. In a sequenced of explanations it can consist of more than one paragraph.
3. Closing
Contains the opinion of the author or conclusions regarding the phenomenon or topic of discussion.
Linguistic Rules of Explanation Text
Copula
This word is used to explain the definition of words, terms, or concepts related to a phenomenon. For example, in the sentence Indonesia is an archipelago country.
Active verb
This word is often used as part of a series of explanations, because it aims to explain causes and processes, so that the subject (phenomenon) acts as the goal of a particular action or event.
Conjunction
The conjunctions used explain the causal relationship and the chronological relationship in the occurrence of a phenomenon. For example, if, if, so, before, first, and then.
Adverb of time
This word is used to describe the time when a phenomenon occurs.
Scientific term
Context-appropriate scientific terms are often used to clarify the definition, cause and effect relationship, or the chronology of a phenomenon.
Noun pronouns
The subject described uses a noun (nonperson), such as that, this, and that. The explanatory text also only focuses on general things, such as earthquakes, floods.
Rules for changing active voice to passive voice
- Identify the subject, the verb and the object : SVO
- Change the object into subject.
- Put the suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb. In case the helping verb is given, use the same verb but note that the helping verb is given, use the same verb but note that helping verb given agrees with the object.
- Change the verb into the past participle form
- Add the preposition “By”
- Change the subject into object.
Types of Explanation Text
1. A text that describes an event or how something works.
For example, how cars work, or how computers work until natural events such as how landslides can occur, how mountains can erupt.
2. A text that explains why something happened.
For example, why the mirror in the bathroom can fog up when we take a hot shower, why owls are more active at night, why humans close their eyes when they sneeze.
3. A text explain the similarities and differences in objects.
This type of text deals with science and technology topics in which an explanation of a natural or non-natural phenomenon occurs. For example how a tornado can form, how sound can move, how cell phones work, why a tsunami can occur and so on.
4. Explain the relationship between humans and the human environment.
for example how cotton can be processed into clothing, why humans should exercise and eat healthy foods, how milk can be processed into yogurt.
Example of Explanation Text
Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight
In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
Do the exercise part D and E ( page 20-21 ) from the module above and attach the photo in your blog
(practice D)
(practice E)
Give the generic structure of the text below by giving the name for every paragraph in boxes given
- General Statement : Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.
- Sequenced Explanation : To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
- Sequenced Explanation : The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules.
- Closing : This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.
VIDEO MATERIAL
EXPLANATION TEXT PART 2
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